Prostaglandin synthesis and regulation (WP98)
Homo sapiens
A prostaglandin is any member of a group of lipid compounds that are derived enzymatically from fatty acids and have important functions in the animal body. Every prostaglandin contains 20 carbon atoms, including a 5-carbon ring. They are mediators and have a variety of strong physiological effects, such as regulating the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle tissue.[1] Prostaglandins are not hormones, but autocrine or paracrine, which are locally acting messenger molecules. They differ from hormones in that they are not produced at a discrete site but in many places throughout the human body. Also, their target cells are present in the immediate vicinity of the site of their secretion (of which there are many). The prostaglandins, together with the thromboxanes and prostacyclins, form the prostanoid class of fatty acid derivatives, a subclass of eicosanoids. Adapted from [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10785607 Gross, G et al. 2000, Society for Gynecologic Investigation; 7:88-95]. Description adapted from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin Wikipedia]. Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the [https://assays.cancer.gov/available_assays?wp_id=WP98 CPTAC Assay Portal]
Authors
Nathan Salomonis , Kristina Hanspers , Alex Pico , Martina Summer-Kutmon , Egon Willighagen , Marianthi Kalafati , Vinny Lynch , Denise Slenter , and Eric WeitzActivity
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Cited In
- Identification of biomarkers and pathways for the SARS-CoV-2 infections that make complexities in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients (2021).
- Long Term Culture of the A549 Cancer Cell Line Promotes Multilamellar Body Formation and Differentiation towards an Alveolar Type II Pneumocyte Phenotype (2016).
- Identification of the effects of COVID-19 on patients with pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer: a bioinformatics analysis and literature review (2022).
- Human Monocytes Exposed to SARS-CoV-2 Display Features of Innate Immune Memory Producing High Levels of CXCL10 upon Restimulation (2023).
- Single-cell ‘omic profiles of human aortic endothelial cells in vitro and human atherosclerotic lesions ex vivo reveal heterogeneity of endothelial subtype and response to activating perturbations (2024).
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Organisms
Homo sapiensCommunities
Annotations
Pathway Ontology
prostaglandin metabolic pathway classic metabolic pathway prostaglandin biosynthetic pathwayLabel | Type | Compact URI | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
Cortisone | Metabolite | chebi:16962 | |
PGF2a | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001139 | |
Calcium | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000464 | |
Arachidonic Acid | Metabolite | cas:506-32-1 | |
Cortisol | Metabolite | wikidata:Q190875 | |
PGE2 | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0003175 | |
PGI2 | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001335 | |
Cell MembranePhospholipids | Metabolite | chebi:16247 | |
TXA2 | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001452 | |
Prostaglandin H2 | Metabolite | cas:745-65-3 | |
Progesterone | Metabolite | cas:57-83-0 | |
PGD2 | Metabolite | kegg.compound:C00696 | |
20-dihydroprogesterone | Metabolite | chebi:36728 | |
CYP11A1 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:1583 | |
ANXA5 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:308 | |
EDNRB | GeneProduct | ncbigene:1910 | |
PTGER4 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5734 | |
S100A10 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:6281 | PMID: 12962548 relationship with Annexin 2 |
S100A6 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:6277 | |
PTGFR | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5737 | |
PTGIS | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5740 | |
PTGER2 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5732 | |
PTGER1 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5731 | |
HPGD | GeneProduct | ncbigene:3248 | |
PTGS2 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5743 | |
PRL | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5617 | |
ANXA8 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:244 | |
PLA2G4A | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5321 | |
ANXA4 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:307 | |
SCGB1A1 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:7356 | PMID: 7615804, PMID: 3292559 |
PTGDS | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5730 | |
EDN1 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:1906 | PMID: 1474344 |
ANXA3 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:306 | |
HSD11B1 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:3290 | |
ANXA1 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:301 | |
PTGDR | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5729 | |
PTGIR | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5739 | |
HSD11B2 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:3291 | |
PTGS1 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5742 | |
ANXA6 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:309 | |
EDNRA | GeneProduct | ncbigene:1909 | |
TBXAS1 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:6916 | |
PTGER3 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5733 | |
ANXA2 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:302 | |
ABCC4 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:10257 | |
HPGDS | GeneProduct | ncbigene:27306 | |
MITF | GeneProduct | ncbigene:4286 | |
PTGES | GeneProduct | ncbigene:9536 | |
PPARG | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5468 | |
PPARGC1A | GeneProduct | ncbigene:10891 | |
PPARGC1B | GeneProduct | ncbigene:133522 | |
SOX9 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:6662 | |
AKR1B | GeneProduct | uniprot:P15121 | |
AKR1C3 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:8644 | |
CBR1 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:873 | |
AKR1C1 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:1645 | |
AKR1C2 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:1646 | |
TBXA2R | GeneProduct | ncbigene:6915 | |
PTGFRN | GeneProduct | ncbigene:5738 |
References
- Identification of a principal mRNA species for human 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoform (AKR1C3) that exhibits high prostaglandin D2 11-ketoreductase activity. Matsuura K, Shiraishi H, Hara A, Sato K, Deyashiki Y, Ninomiya M, et al. J Biochem. 1998 Nov;124(5):940–6. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Gene knockout mice in the study of parturition. Gross G, Imamura T, Muglia LJ. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2000;7(2):88–95. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- FPRP, a major, highly stoichiometric, highly specific CD81- and CD9-associated protein. Stipp CS, Orlicky D, Hemler ME. J Biol Chem. 2001 Feb 16;276(7):4853–62. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Mammalian class Sigma glutathione S-transferases: catalytic properties and tissue-specific expression of human and rat GSH-dependent prostaglandin D2 synthases. Jowsey IR, Thomson AM, Flanagan JU, Murdock PR, Moore GB, Meyer DJ, et al. Biochem J. 2001 Nov 1;359(Pt 3):507–16. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- The human multidrug resistance protein MRP4 functions as a prostaglandin efflux transporter and is inhibited by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Reid G, Wielinga P, Zelcer N, van der Heijden I, Kuil A, de Haas M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9244–9. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- MITF is necessary for generation of prostaglandin D2 in mouse mast cells. Morii E, Oboki K. J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 19;279(47):48923–9. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- SOX9 regulates prostaglandin D synthase gene transcription in vivo to ensure testis development. Wilhelm D, Hiramatsu R, Mizusaki H, Widjaja L, Combes AN, Kanai Y, et al. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 6;282(14):10553–60. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 mediated prostaglandin D2 metabolism augments the PI3K/Akt proliferative signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells. Wang S, Yang Q, Fung KM, Lin HK. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2008 Jul 16;289(1–2):60–6. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- The human aldose reductase AKR1B1 qualifies as the primary prostaglandin F synthase in the endometrium. Bresson E, Boucher-Kovalik S, Chapdelaine P, Madore E, Harvey N, Laberge PY, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jan;96(1):210–9. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Expression of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1) gene in porcine ovary and uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Seo KS, Naidansuren P, Kim SH, Yun SJ, Park JJ, Sim BW, et al. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2011 Oct 20;9:139. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- In vitro effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) ligands on prostaglandin E2 synthesis and secretion by porcine endometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Bogacka I, Bogacki M, Gaglewska M, Kurzynska A, Wasielak M. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2013 Feb;64(1):47–54. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia