Nicotine metabolism in liver cells (WP1600)

Homo sapiens

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Nicotine results in many metabolites after metabolization in the liver. Nicotine is the main factor behind smoking addiction, therefore nicotine supplements can be used to stop smoking. Nicotine is metabolized by several enzymes in the liver such as the CYP2A6 enzyme. CYP2A6 is a xenobiotic (xenos = foreigner, bios = life) metabolizer. How well nicotine can be metabolized by the human body is not standard and depends on racial, gender, genetic and environmental factors. The cotinine metabolite seen above in the center of the nicotine metabolism pathway is a smoking biomarker and can been measured in various tissues such as blood, urine and sweat.

Authors

Kristina Hanspers , Alex Pico , Egon Willighagen , Daniela Digles , Denise Slenter , Asios Olia , and Eric Weitz

Activity

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Cited In

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Organisms

Homo sapiens

Communities

Annotations

Cell Type Ontology

hepatocyte

Pathway Ontology

nicotine drug pathway drug pathway xenobiotic metabolic pathway

Participants
Query Drugst.One

Label Type Compact URI Comment
3'-Hydroxycotinine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001390
Cotinine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001046
3'-Hydroxycotinine glucuronide Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001204
5'-Hydroxycotinine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001427
Nicotine-Gluc Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001272
Nornicotine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001126
Nicotine-N-oxide Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001497
Nicotine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001934
Cotinine N-oxide Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001411
Nicotine iminium ion Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001010
Cotinineglucuronide Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001013
CYP2B6 GeneProduct ncbigene:1555
FMO3 GeneProduct ncbigene:2328
CYP2A6 GeneProduct ncbigene:1548
UGT1A4 GeneProduct ncbigene:54657
AOX1 GeneProduct ncbigene:316
UGT1A9 GeneProduct ncbigene:54600

References

  1. Metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine. Hukkanen J, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz NL. Pharmacol Rev. 2005 Mar;57(1):79–115. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers. Benowitz NL, Hukkanen J, Jacob P 3rd. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;(192):29–60. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia