Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (WP515)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Gluconeogenesis is the generation of glucose from non-sugar carbon substrates such as pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids (primarily alanine and glutamine). The process is essentially the reversal of the glycolysis pathway. The pathway is particularly important in animals, as the production of glucose from other metabolites is necessary for use as a fuel source by the brain, testes, erythrocytes and kidney medulla, all of which can use only glucose as the energy source. Gluconeogenesis in animals is perfomed mostly in the liver. The pathway is carried by cytoplasmic enzymes to the level of glucose-6-phosphate. Since free glucose tends to freely diffuse out of the cell, actual glucose formation is carried out in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum by gluocose-6-phosphatase . Glucose is then shuttled into the cytosol by glucose transporters. The main souces of carbon for gluconeogenesis in animals is lactate, formed in skeletal muscle cells during anaerobic glycolysis and carried to the liver in the blood stream. The conversion of glucose into lactate by glycolysis and back to glucose by gluconeogenesis is referred to as the Cori Cycle. Pathway summary from [http://biocyc.org/ MetaCyc]
Authors
Kdahlquist , Thomas Kelder , Alex Pico , Kristina Hanspers , Martina Summer-Kutmon , Egon Willighagen , Denise Slenter , and Eric WeitzActivity
Discuss this pathway
Check for ongoing discussions or start your own.
Cited In
Are you planning to include this pathway in your next publication? See How to Cite and add a link here to your paper once it's online.
Organisms
Saccharomyces cerevisiaeCommunities
Annotations
Pathway Ontology
gluconeogenesis pathway glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway glycolysis pathway| Label | Type | Compact URI | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dihydroxyacetone phosphate | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001473 | |
| Acetaldehyde | Metabolite | cas:75-07-0 | |
| Pyruvate | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000243 | |
| Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001058 | |
| Glucose | Metabolite | wikidata:Q37525 | |
| Ethanol | Metabolite | cas:64-17-5 | |
| Malate | Metabolite | cas:6915-15-7 | |
| Acetate | Metabolite | cas:64-19-7 | |
| Acetyl-CoA | Metabolite | cas:72-89-9 | |
| Fructose-6-phosphate | Metabolite | cas:643-13-0 | |
| Glucose 6-phosphate | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001401 | |
| Oxaloacetate | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000223 | |
| Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001112 | |
| 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001270 | |
| 3-Phosphoglycerate | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000807 | |
| 2-Phosphoglycerate | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000362 | |
| Phosphoenolpyruvate | Metabolite | cas:138-08-9 | |
| ADH5 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YBR145W | |
| TDH1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YOR176W | |
| MDH3 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YDL078C | |
| GPM1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YKL152C | |
| PDC6 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YGR087C | |
| HXK2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YGL253W | |
| PDB1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YBR221C | |
| ENO2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YHR174W | |
| ADH3 (mt) | GeneProduct | ensembl:YMR083W | |
| PGI1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YBR196C | |
| PDC1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YLR044C | |
| LAT1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YNL071W | |
| ADH1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YOL086C | |
| FBA1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YKL060C | |
| PYK2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YOR347C | |
| ACS2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YLR153C | |
| PGK1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YCR012W | |
| ACS1 (mt) | GeneProduct | ensembl:YAL054C | |
| TPI1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YDR050C | |
| PDC5 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YLR134W | |
| GLK1 | GeneProduct | sgd:GLK1 | |
| ADH4 (mt) | GeneProduct | ensembl:YGL256W | |
| PYC1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YGL062W | |
| ALD6 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YPL061W | |
| TDH2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YJR009C | |
| PFK2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YMR205C | |
| MDH1 (mt) | GeneProduct | ensembl:YKL085W | |
| TDH3 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YGR192C | |
| PYC2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YBR218C | |
| PDX1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YGR193C | |
| ENO1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YGR254W | |
| LPD1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YFL018C | |
| PDA1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YER178W | |
| ALD4 (mt) | GeneProduct | ensembl:YOR374W | |
| ADH2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YMR303C | |
| MDH2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YOL126C | |
| HXK1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YFR053C | |
| PCK1 | GeneProduct | sgd:PCK1 | |
| OAC1 | GeneProduct | ncbigene:853739 | |
| CDC19 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YAL038W | |
| PFK1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YGR240C | |
| MAE1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YKL029C | |
| FBP1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:YLR377C |
References
- Current concepts of gluconeogenesis. Eisenstein AB. Am J Clin Nutr. 1967 Mar;20(3):282–9. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Gluconeogenesis: pathways and hormonal regulation. Lardy HA. Harvey Lect. 1966;60:261–78. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Cori cycle activity in man. Waterhouse C, Keilson J. J Clin Invest. 1969 Dec;48(12):2359–66. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Identification of the yeast mitochondrial transporter for oxaloacetate and sulfate. Palmieri L, Vozza A, Agrimi G, De Marco V, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, et al. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 6;274(32):22184–90. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Recycling of glucose and determination of the Cori Cycle and gluconeogenesis. Katz J, Tayek JA. Am J Physiol. 1999 Sep;277(3):E401-7. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia