Oxidative stress and redox pathway (WP4466)
Mus musculus
This pathway represents biology relevant to glutathione, including biosynthesis, metabolism, redox cycle, uptake, glutathionylation and acivicin inhibition. Glutathione is an antioxidant that is synthesized in eukaryotes from L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, and glycine in a two-step process involving gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase. Glutathione prevents cellular damage by acting as an electron donor to neutralize reactive oxygen species. Reactive glutathione is produced, which then reacts with another reactive glutathione molecule to produce glutathione disulfide, GSSG. It was based partly on [[Pathway:WP164 |WP164]] and [[Pathway:WP1770|WP1770]], with information added from literature. This pathway was created as a part of [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-020-0654-0 Mendiola et cl], pictured in fig 5.
Authors
Kristina Hanspers , Alex Pico , Egon Willighagen , Denise Slenter , Eric Weitz , and Lars WillighagenActivity
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Cited In
- Transcriptional profiling and therapeutic targeting of oxidative stress in neuroinflammation (2020).
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Organisms
Mus musculusCommunities
Annotations
Pathway Ontology
glutathione metabolic pathway glutathione biosynthetic pathway glutathione antioxidant pathway classic metabolic pathwayReferences
- Nrf1 and Nrf2 regulate rat glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit transcription indirectly via NF-kappaB and AP-1. Yang H, Magilnick N, Lee C, Kalmaz D, Ou X, Chan JY, et al. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Jul;25(14):5933–46. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Plasma membrane glutathione transporters and their roles in cell physiology and pathophysiology. Ballatori N, Krance SM, Marchan R, Hammond CL. Mol Aspects Med. 2009;30(1–2):13–28. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- A genomewide functional network for the laboratory mouse. Guan Y, Myers CL, Lu R, Lemischka IR, Bult CJ, Troyanskaya OG. PLoS Comput Biol. 2008 Sep 26;4(9):e1000165. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Stress-activated cap’n’collar transcription factors in aging and human disease. Sykiotis GP, Bohmann D. Sci Signal. 2010 Mar 9;3(112):re3. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Regulatory T cells interfere with glutathione metabolism in dendritic cells and T cells. Yan Z, Garg SK, Banerjee R. J Biol Chem. 2010 Dec 31;285(53):41525–32. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Glutathione homeostasis and functions: potential targets for medical interventions. Lushchak VI. J Amino Acids. 2012;2012:736837. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Glutathione redox dynamics and expression of glutathione-related genes in the developing embryo. Timme-Laragy AR, Goldstone JV, Imhoff BR, Stegeman JJ, Hahn ME, Hansen JM. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013 Dec;65:89–101. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Modulation of oxidative stress as an anticancer strategy. Gorrini C, Harris IS, Mak TW. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013 Dec;12(12):931–47. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- The Nrf2 regulatory network provides an interface between redox and intermediary metabolism. Hayes JD, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Trends Biochem Sci. 2014 Apr;39(4):199–218. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Nrf2-dysregulation correlates with reduced synthesis and low glutathione levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Morales Pantoja IE, Hu CL, Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Zheng J, Bizzozero OA. J Neurochem. 2016 Nov;139(4):640–50. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Transcriptional profiling and therapeutic targeting of oxidative stress in neuroinflammation. Mendiola AS, Ryu JK, Bardehle S, Meyer-Franke A, Ang KKH, Wilson C, et al. Nat Immunol. 2020 May;21(5):513–24. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia