Hallmark of cancer: sustaining proliferative signaling (WP5475)

Homo sapiens

Authors

PhilipErnst , Eric Weitz , Kristina Hanspers , and Egon Willighagen

Activity

Discuss this pathway

Check for ongoing discussions or start your own.

Cited In

Are you planning to include this pathway in your next publication? See How to Cite and add a link here to your paper once it's online.

Organisms

Homo sapiens

Communities

Annotations

Pathway Ontology

signaling pathway cancer pathway

References

1. B-raf, a new member of the raf family, is activated by DNA rearrangement. Ikawa S, Fukui M, Ueyama Y, Tamaoki N, Yamamoto T, Toyoshima K. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Jun;8(6):2651–4. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
2. The ras gene family and human carcinogenesis. Bos JL. Mutat Res. 1988 May;195(3):255–71. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
3. Detection of activated ras oncogenes in human thyroid carcinomas. Suárez HG, Du Villard JA, Caillou B, Schlumberger M, Tubiana M, Parmentier C, et al. Oncogene. 1988 Apr;2(4):403–6. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
4. Characterization of murine A-raf, a new oncogene related to the v-raf oncogene. Huleihel M, Goldsborough M, Cleveland J, Gunnell M, Bonner T, Rapp UR. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jul;6(7):2655–62. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
5. Structure and biological activity of v-raf, a unique oncogene transduced by a retrovirus. Rapp UR, Goldsborough MD, Mark GE, Bonner TI, Groffen J, Reynolds FH Jr, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(14):4218–22. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
6. Ras isoforms vary in their ability to activate Raf-1 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Yan J, Roy S, Apolloni A, Lane A, Hancock JF. J Biol Chem. 1998 Sep 11;273(37):24052–6. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
7. Prevalence of Ras mutations in thyroid neoplasia. Esapa CT, Johnson SJ, Kendall-Taylor P, Lennard TW, Harris PE. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999 Apr;50(4):529–35. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
8. The RAS oncogene induces genomic instability in thyroid PCCL3 cells via the MAPK pathway. Saavedra HI, Knauf JA, Shirokawa JM, Wang J, Ouyang B, Elisei R, et al. Oncogene. 2000 Aug 10;19(34):3948–54. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
9. Differential activation of the Rac pathway by Ha-Ras and K-Ras. Walsh AB, Bar-Sagi D. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 11;276(19):15609–15. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
10. High prevalence of BRAF mutations in thyroid cancer: genetic evidence for constitutive activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF signaling pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Kimura ET, Nikiforova MN, Zhu Z, Knauf JA, Nikiforov YE, Fagin JA. Cancer Res. 2003 Apr 1;63(7):1454–7. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
11. Molecular profile and clinical-pathologic features of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. An unusually high prevalence of ras mutations. Zhu Z, Gandhi M, Nikiforova MN, Fischer AH, Nikiforov YE. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003 Jul;120(1):71–7. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
12. BRAF mutations in thyroid tumors are restricted to papillary carcinomas and anaplastic or poorly differentiated carcinomas arising from papillary carcinomas. Nikiforova MN, Kimura ET, Gandhi M, Biddinger PW, Knauf JA, Basolo F, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Nov;88(11):5399–404. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
13. Regulation of Raf-1 by direct feedback phosphorylation. Dougherty MK, Müller J, Ritt DA, Zhou M, Zhou XZ, Copeland TD, et al. Mol Cell. 2005 Jan 21;17(2):215–24. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
14. Conditional BRAFV600E expression induces DNA synthesis, apoptosis, dedifferentiation, and chromosomal instability in thyroid PCCL3 cells. Mitsutake N, Knauf JA, Mitsutake S, Mesa C Jr, Zhang L, Fagin JA. Cancer Res. 2005 Mar 15;65(6):2465–73. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
15. RET tyrosine kinase signaling in development and cancer. Arighi E, Borrello MG, Sariola H. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005;16(4–5):441–67. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
16. Thyroid targeting of the N-ras(Gln61Lys) oncogene in transgenic mice results in follicular tumors that progress to poorly differentiated carcinomas. Vitagliano D, Portella G, Troncone G, Francione A, Rossi C, Bruno A, et al. Oncogene. 2006 Aug 31;25(39):5467–74. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
17. The MEK/ERK cascade: from signaling specificity to diverse functions. Shaul YD, Seger R. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Aug;1773(8):1213–26. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
18. GEFs and GAPs: critical elements in the control of small G proteins. Bos JL, Rehmann H, Wittinghofer A. Cell. 2007 Jun 1;129(5):865–77. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
19. Binding of ras to phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110alpha is required for ras-driven tumorigenesis in mice. Gupta S, Ramjaun AR, Haiko P, Wang Y, Warne PH, Nicke B, et al. Cell. 2007 Jun 1;129(5):957–68. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
20. The complexity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) made simple. Krishna M, Narang H. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008 Nov;65(22):3525–44. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
21. Impact of feedback phosphorylation and Raf heterodimerization on normal and mutant B-Raf signaling. Ritt DA, Monson DM, Specht SI, Morrison DK. Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Feb;30(3):806–19. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
22. Ras trafficking, localization and compartmentalized signalling. Prior IA, Hancock JF. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2012 Apr;23(2):145–53. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
23. A comprehensive survey of Ras mutations in cancer. Prior IA, Lewis PD, Mattos C. Cancer Res. 2012 May 15;72(10):2457–67. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
24. New insights into understanding the mechanisms, pathogenesis, and management of malignant mesotheliomas. Mossman BT, Shukla A, Heintz NH, Verschraegen CF, Thomas A, Hassan R. Am J Pathol. 2013 Apr;182(4):1065–77. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
25. Drugging the undruggable RAS: Mission possible? Cox AD, Fesik SW, Kimmelman AC, Luo J, Der CJ. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014 Nov;13(11):828–51. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
26. Regulation of RAF protein kinases in ERK signalling. Lavoie H, Therrien M. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2015 May;16(5):281–98. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
27. Reactive oxygen species a double-edged sword for mesothelioma. Benedetti S, Nuvoli B, Catalani S, Galati R. Oncotarget. 2015 Jul 10;6(19):16848–65. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
28. Critical review about MDM2 in cancer: Possible role in malignant mesothelioma and implications for treatment. Urso L, Calabrese F, Favaretto A, Conte P, Pasello G. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016 Jan;97:220–30. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
29. Genomic and transcriptomic hallmarks of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers. Landa I, Ibrahimpasic T, Boucai L, Sinha R, Knauf JA, Shah RH, et al. J Clin Invest. 2016 Mar 1;126(3):1052–66. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
30. The Genetic Landscape of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Results from Massively Parallel Sequencing. Hylebos M, Van Camp G, van Meerbeeck JP, Op de Beeck K. J Thorac Oncol. 2016 Oct;11(10):1615–26. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
31. Genomic Landscape of Malignant Mesotheliomas. Kato S, Tomson BN, Buys TPH, Elkin SK, Carter JL, Kurzrock R. Mol Cancer Ther. 2016 Oct;15(10):2498–507. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
32. TERT, BRAF, and NRAS in Primary Thyroid Cancer and Metastatic Disease. Melo M, Gaspar da Rocha A, Batista R, Vinagre J, Martins MJ, Costa G, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Jun 1;102(6):1898–907. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
33. MEK drives BRAF activation through allosteric control of KSR proteins. Lavoie H, Sahmi M, Maisonneuve P, Marullo SA, Thevakumaran N, Jin T, et al. Nature. 2018 Feb 22;554(7693):549–53. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
34. The Interdependent Activation of Son-of-Sevenless and Ras. Bandaru P, Kondo Y, Kuriyan J. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2019 Feb 1;9(2):a031534. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
35. Mesothelioma: Scientific clues for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Carbone M, Adusumilli PS, Alexander HR Jr, Baas P, Bardelli F, Bononi A, et al. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019 Sep;69(5):402–29. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
36. Genomics and Functional Genomics of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cakiroglu E, Senturk S. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 1;21(17):6342. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia