Flowering time pathway (WP2625)

Hordeum vulgare

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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), a cereal species with major economic and agricultural impact, is a facultative long-day plant, i.e. it flowers earlier in response to long days than to short days. Flowering time genes of the photoperiod, vernalization and circadian clock pathways are best studied in barley. The Ppd-H1 gene, a pseudo-response regulator gene, is thought to be key for flowering induction under long days. Further important genes which convey flowering in barley under both photoperiods are homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and CONSTANS (CO). Flowering in response to vernalization is economically important in temperate cereals like barley and wheat and is controlled by the interaction of Vrn-H1 and Vrn-H2.

Authors

Alex Pico , Martina Bluemel , Friederike Ehrhart , Eric Weitz , Lars Willighagen , and Egon Willighagen

Activity

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Organisms

Hordeum vulgare

Communities

Annotations

Pathway Ontology

signaling pathway

Participants

Label Type Compact URI Comment
HvCEN GeneProduct uniprot:K7QT26
HvLUX1 GeneProduct ena.embl:AK357505
VRN-H1 GeneProduct ensembl:MLOC_61901 MADS-box transcription factor
Chromosome: 5H
HvCO2 GeneProduct uniprot:Q8L581 Chromosome: 6H
HvCO9 GeneProduct ensembl:MLOC_75450
HvFT2 GeneProduct uniprot:A0S6X4 Chromosome: 3H
HvCO1 GeneProduct ensembl:MLOC_6921 Chromosome: 7H
VRN-H3(HvFT1) GeneProduct ensembl:MLOC_68576 Chromosome: 7H
Ppd-H1(HvPRR7) GeneProduct ensembl:MLOC_81154 pseudo-response regulator gene
Chromosome: 2H
HvELF3(Eam8) GeneProduct ensembl:MLOC_75281
HvFT4 GeneProduct ensembl:MLOC_74854 Chromosome: 2H
VRN-H2 GeneProduct uniprot:Q68I23 zinc finger motif and CCT domain
Chromosome: 4H
HvGI GeneProduct ensembl:MLOC_18291

References

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  2. The evolution of CONSTANS-like gene families in barley, rice, and Arabidopsis. Griffiths S, Dunford RP, Coupland G, Laurie DA. Plant Physiol. 2003 Apr;131(4):1855–67. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Characterisation of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) homologue of the Arabidopsis flowering time regulator GIGANTEA. Dunford RP, Griffiths S, Christodoulou V, Laurie DA. Theor Appl Genet. 2005 Mar;110(5):925–31. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Molecular and structural characterization of barley vernalization genes. von Zitzewitz J, Szucs P, Dubcovsky J, Yan L, Francia E, Pecchioni N, et al. Plant Mol Biol. 2005 Oct;59(3):449–67. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. The pseudo-response regulator Ppd-H1 provides adaptation to photoperiod in barley. Turner A, Beales J, Faure S, Dunford RP, Laurie DA. Science. 2005 Nov 11;310(5750):1031–4. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  6. Validation of the VRN-H2/VRN-H1 epistatic model in barley reveals that intron length variation in VRN-H1 may account for a continuum of vernalization sensitivity. Szucs P, Skinner JS, Karsai I, Cuesta-Marcos A, Haggard KG, Corey AE, et al. Mol Genet Genomics. 2007 Mar;277(3):249–61. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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