Cell division: first embryonic mitosis (WP1411)

Caenorhabditis elegans

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"Prior to fertilization, C. elegans oocytes are arrested in meiotic prophase with nuclei containing two copies of the diploid genome packaged into recombined bivalent chromosomes. The two rounds of meiotic chromosome segregation that generate the haploid oocyte pronucleus are completed in the zygote after the oocytes are fertilized. During each meiotic division, chromosome segregation is accomplished by a small acentriolar meiotic spindle that forms in the embryo anterior. During anaphase of meiosis I and again in meiosis II, the meiotic spindle associates with the cortex in an end-on fashion, and a highly asymmetric cytokinesis-like event extrudes a polar body (Figure 2; Albertson and Thomson, 1993; Clark-Maguire and Mains, 1994; Yang et al., 2003). In addition to the haploid pronucleus, the sperm brings a pair of centrioles into the oocyte, which lacks centrioles due to their degradation during oogenesis. As meiosis completes, the haploid oocyte and sperm-derived pronuclei, located at opposite ends of the embryo increase in size, becoming visible by DIC microscopy. After entering the oocyte, the sperm-derived centriole pair recruits pericentriolar material and acquires the ability to nucleate microtubules (O'Connell, 2000; Pelletier et al., 2004). Subsequently, the two sperm-derived centrioles separate, forming two centrosomes positioned on either side of the paternal pronucleus. Coincident with chromosome condensation during mitotic prophase, the pronuclei migrate towards each other. After the pronuclei meet, the nuclear-centrosome complex moves to the center of the embryo and rotates to align with the long axis of the embryo (Albertson, 1984; Hyman and White, 1987). The miotitc spindle begins to move towards the embryo posterior during metaphase (Labbe et al., 2004; Oegema et al., 2001), and asymmetric elongation during anaphase contributes to its posterior displacement (Albertson, 1984; Grill et al., 2001). Since the cleavage furrow bisects the mitotic spindle, this displacement results in an asymmetric first cleavage (For more on the mechanisms that generate this asymmetry see Asymmetric cell division and axis formation in the embryo). " From "Cell division" by Karen Oegema, WormBook

Authors

Karen Yook , Kristina Hanspers , Martina Summer-Kutmon , Egon Willighagen , Alex Pico , Eric Weitz , and Stefan Raats

Activity

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Organisms

Caenorhabditis elegans

Communities

WormBase

Annotations

Cell Type Ontology

animal cell animal zygote

Pathway Ontology

pathway pertinent to DNA replication and repair, cell cycle, maintenance of genomic integrity, RNA and protein biosynthesis

Participants

Label Type Compact URI Comment
SCC-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004737
PLL-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004045
ZYG-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006988
T13E8.2 GeneProduct wormbase:T13E8.2
T13E8.3 GeneProduct wormbase:T13E8.3
SPD-5 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004955
ANC-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000140
TBA-1 GeneProduct wormbase:F26E4.8
UNC-60A GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00302980
DYRB-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00012004
CYK-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000872
TBB-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006536
TAC-1 GeneProduct wormbase:Y54E2A.3
Y71F9AL.14 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00022118
AIR-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000098
DLC-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001005
MEL-11 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003196
MIX-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003367
Y19D2B.1 GeneProduct wormbase:Y19D2B.1
SAN-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004721
SMC-3 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004873
AIR-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000099
UNC-83 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006815
DNC-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001017
MFDF-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003160
HIM-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001860
TBA-4 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006530
CLASP GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000549
ICP-1/CeINCEP GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00002047
SPD-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004952
IMA-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00002073 GO:0007084
NDC-80 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003576
LIS-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003047
NUD-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003829
LET-754 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00002879
Matefin/SUN-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006311
ZYG-12 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006997
CeCENP-C GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001832
PFD-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00019220
Ce-BAF-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000235
KBP-1 GeneProduct wormbase:Y92C3B.1
TIM-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006571
KNL-3 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00020392
F54B3.3 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00010015
PFD-3 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006889
Y47D3A.29 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00012936
PLK-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004042 GO:0000003 GO:0000003 GO:0007077 GO:0000910 GO:0009792 GO:0008340 GO:0051301 GO:0040035 GO:0040038 GO:0051726 GO:0002119 GO:0045132
MIS-12 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00021648
T16G12.1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00011803
GPB-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001679
ZEN-4 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006974 GO:0035046 GO:0031991 GO:0051301 GO:0000910 GO:0040038 GO:0009792 GO:0051256
BIR-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000249
ANI-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00013038
AIR-1 GeneProduct wormbase:K07C11.2
CYK-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000872 GO:0000003 WBPaper00006395 GO:0002009 WBPaper00005654;WBPaper00006395;WBPaper00029258 GO:0000910 WBPaper00025054 GO:0009792 WBPaper00004403;WBPaper00005654;WBPaper00006395;WBPaper00024497;WBPaper00025054;WBPaper00029258;WBPaper00004509 GO:0008340 WBPaper00005654 GO:0035046 WBPaper00004544 GO:0040011 WBPaper00006395 GO:0040035 WBPaper00029258 GO:0040015 WBPaper00006395 GO:0040007 WBPaper00024497;WBPaper00029258 GO:0002119 WBPaper00024497;WBPaper00029258
ZYG-9 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006994
ROD-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00018900
Ce-emerin/EMR-1 GeneProduct wormbase:M01D7.6
g-tubulin/TBG-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006540
LRG-1 GeneProduct wormbase:F55H2.4
CeMCAK GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00002219
MDF-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003161
ARP-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00013168 GO:0002009 WBPaper00006395 GO:0002119 WBPaper00006395;WBPaper00024497 GO:0009792 WBPaper00005654;WBPaper00025054;WBPaper00006395 GO:0035046 WBPaper00006060;WBPaper00025054 GO:0040007 WBPaper00006395;WBPaper00024497 GO:0040010 WBPaper00024497 GO:0040011 WBPaper00006395;WBPaper00005654
CSC-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000804
DYCI-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00015927
SAS-6 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00012888
LET-99 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00002368
TBA-2 GeneProduct wormbase:C47B2.3
BUB-3 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00013209
TAG-170 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006515
ANI-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00013038 GO:0040002 GO:0030865 GO:0009792
KBP-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00020064
21ur-13952 GeneProduct wormbase:C36E8.9 C36E8.9
GO:0035046 WBPaper00025054 GO:0007052 WBPaper00006305 GO:0009792 WBPaper00004403; WBPaper00025054; WBPaper00006305; WBPaper00013420
HCP-6 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001833
KBP-5 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00016387
Spc25/KBP-3 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00009179
RHO-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004357
ICP-1/CeINCENP GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00002047
UNC-59 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006793
LET-92 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00002363
DNC-4 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00016124
CeCENP-A GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001831
21ur-15150 GeneProduct wormbase:K10D11.8 GO:0035046 GO:0051301 GO:0000910
WBPaper0006352
RBX-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004320
CAP-G GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00010093
CAP-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000293 GO:0000578 WBPaper00002000 GO:0040010 WBPaper00005654 GO:0035046 WBPaper00006060 GO:0040022 WBPaper00001883 GO:0010171 WBPaper00005654;WBPaper00029258 GO:0040035 WBPaper00029258 GO:0040007 WBPaper00024497;WBPaper00029258 GO:0002119 WBPaper00005654;WBPaper00024497;WBPaper00029258 GO:0009792 WBPaper00005654;WBPaper00025054;WBPaper00024497;WBPaper00029258
CYK-4 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000875 GO:0000003 GO:0000003 GO:0002009 GO:0000910 GO:0007109 GO:0009792 GO:0000281 GO:0051301 GO:0040011 GO:0040035 GO:0010171 GO:0040038
Ce-MAN1/LEM-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00002275
PFD-5 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00020112
BEN-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000248 GO:0035046 WBPaper00025054 GO:0002009 WBPaper00029258 GO:0040035 WBPaper00029258 GO:0040018 WBPaper00029258 GO:0007635 WBPaper00001228 GO:0040007 WBPaper00029258 GO:0002119 WBPaper00029258 GO:0009792 WBPaper00025054
DLI-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001007
KBP-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00017832
LET-21/Ect-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00002297
SAS-5 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00009385
HCP-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001830
KLE-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00016202
CYK-4 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000875
GPC-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001682
HCP-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001829
SPD-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004953
BUB-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000275
nuf-2/HIM-10 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001869
CZW-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00017643
DHC-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000962
DNC-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001018
PFN-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003989
PLK-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004042 GO:0000003 GO:0000003 GO:0007077 GO:0000910 GO:0009792 GO:0008340 GO:0051301 GO:0040035 GO:0040038 GO:0051726 GO:0002119 GO:0045132
LET-502 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00002694
T26A5.8 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00020823
TBB-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006537
ZEN-4 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006974
SAS-4 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004726
NMY-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003777
CeGrip-1/GIP-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001589
SCC-3 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004738
KLP-19 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00002229
UNC-84 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006816
UNC-61 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006795
SMC-4 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00004874
KNL-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00019432
MLC-4 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003372
CUL-3 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00000838 GO:0035046 WBPaper00025054 GO:0009792 WBPaper00004651;WBPaper00025054;WBPaper00026821 GO:0044254 WBPaper00026631
PUF-3 GeneProduct wormbase:Y45F10A.2
CeLamin/LMN-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003052
MEL-28 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003210
CeGrip-2/GIP-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00001590
MBK-2 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003150
PAR-5 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00003920
UNC-37 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00006773
KNL-1 GeneProduct ensembl:WBGene00002231

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