Visual cycle (WP5534)

Homo sapiens

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The visual cycle, also known as the retinoid cycle metabolic pathway, regenerates vitamin A derived chromophore 11-cis retinal. This enables visual phototransduction response to light. Inspired by https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/pathway/pathwayRecord.html?acc_id=PW:0001005.

Authors

Eric Weitz and Egon Willighagen

Activity

last edited

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Cited In

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Organisms

Homo sapiens

Communities

Annotations

Pathway Ontology

retinoid cycle metabolic pathway

Cell Type Ontology

retinal rod cell retinal pigment epithelial cell compound eye cone cell

Participants
Query Drugst.One

Label Type Compact URI Comment
NADPH Metabolite chebi:16474
NADP+ Metabolite chebi:18009
All-trans retinol Metabolite chebi:17336
Phosphatidylcholine Metabolite chebi:64482
Retinyl ester Metabolite chebi:16179
11-cis retinol Metabolite chebi:16302
NAD+ Metabolite chebi:15846
NADH Metabolite chebi:16908
11-cis retinal Metabolite chebi:16066
All-trans retinal Metabolite chebi:17898
ADP Metabolite chebi:16761
ATP Metabolite chebi:15422
RDH12 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000139988
RBP3 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000265203
LRAT GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000121207
RDH10 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000121039
RDH5 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000135437
RLBP1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000140522
RDH8 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000080511
RBP1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000114115
RPE65 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116745
RDH11 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000072042
OPN1SW GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000128617
RHO GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000163914
OPN1MW GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000268221
OPN1LW GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000102076
ABCA4 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000198691

References

  1. Dual-substrate specificity short chain retinol dehydrogenases from the vertebrate retina. Haeseleer F, Jang GF, Imanishi Y, Driessen CAGG, Matsumura M, Nelson PS, et al. J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 22;277(47):45537–46. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Coenzyme-based functional assignments of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs). Persson B, Kallberg Y, Oppermann U, Jörnvall H. Chem Biol Interact. 2003 Feb 1;143–144:271–8. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. The roles of three palmitoylation sites of RPE65 in its membrane association and isomerohydrolase activity. Takahashi Y, Moiseyev G, Chen Y, Ma J xing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Dec;47(12):5191–6. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. The human short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily: a bioinformatics summary. Bray JE, Marsden BD, Oppermann U. Chem Biol Interact. 2009 Mar 16;178(1–3):99–109. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. The biochemical and structural basis for trans-to-cis isomerization of retinoids in the chemistry of vision. von Lintig J, Kiser PD, Golczak M, Palczewski K. Trends Biochem Sci. 2010 Jul;35(7):400–10. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  6. Membrane-binding and enzymatic properties of RPE65. Kiser PD, Palczewski K. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010 Sep;29(5):428–42. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  7. Superfamilies SDR and MDR: from early ancestry to present forms. Emergence of three lines, a Zn-metalloenzyme, and distinct variabilities. Jörnvall H, Hedlund J, Bergman T, Oppermann U, Persson B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 May 21;396(1):125–30. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  8. The cone-specific visual cycle. Wang JS, Kefalov VJ. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2011 Mar;30(2):115–28. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  9. Key enzymes of the retinoid (visual) cycle in vertebrate retina. Kiser PD, Golczak M, Maeda A, Palczewski K. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Jan;1821(1):137–51. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  10. The lipid translocase, ABCA4: seeing is believing. Pollock NL, Callaghan R. FEBS J. 2011 Sep;278(18):3204–14. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  11. Metabolism of carotenoids and retinoids related to vision. von Lintig J. J Biol Chem. 2012 Jan 13;287(3):1627–34. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia