Induction of autophagy and toll-like receptor signaling by graphene oxide (WP5336)
Homo sapiens
Graphene oxide has been found in the RAW264.7 to trigger a cytokine response and resulting autophagy. It was found to be mediated by activation of TLR4 and TLR9, signalling MyD88, TRAF6, and NF-κB, resulting in cytokine expression. However, TLR signaling did not cause IFN-β expression nor IRF3 activation. The process also shows activation of Beclin 1 and LC3.
Authors
Egon Willighagen and Eric WeitzActivity
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Organisms
Homo sapiensCommunities
Nanomaterials PathwaysAnnotations
Pathway Ontology
classic metabolic pathway cytokine mediated signaling pathway| Label | Type | Compact URI | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO | Metabolite | wikidata:Q95981922 | graphene oxide |
| IFN-beta | GeneProduct | uniprot:P01574 | |
| IFN-gamma | GeneProduct | uniprot:P01579 | ID annotation derived from the label. |
| TNF-alpha | GeneProduct | uniprot:P01375 | ID annotation derived from the label. |
| NF-kappaB | GeneProduct | uniprot:P19838 | ID annotation derived from the label. |
| TRAF6 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000175104 | |
| MYD88 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000172936 | |
| TLR4 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000136869 | |
| IRF3 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000126456 | |
| IFN-gamma | GeneProduct | uniprot:P01579 | |
| TNF-alpha | GeneProduct | uniprot:P01375 | |
| TLR9 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000239732 | |
| Beclin1 | GeneProduct | uniprot:Q14457 | |
| LC3 | GeneProduct | uniprot:Q9H492 | Guess based on Wikipedia, which mentions this LC3 in the context of autophagy. |
References
- Simultaneous induction of autophagy and toll-like receptor signaling pathways by graphene oxide. Chen GY, Yang HJ, Lu CH, Chao YC, Hwang SM, Chen CL, et al. Biomaterials. 2012 Sep;33(27):6559–69. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia