Vitamin B12 metabolism (WP3193)
Bos taurus
Vitamin B12 is a water soluble, organic compound and essential nutrient involved in the everyday functioning of the nervous system and the brain. Vitamin B12 is involved in the preservation and regeneration of the myelin shealth - the protective fatty layer that acts as an insulator in nerve axons. Animals store vitamin B12 in liver and muscle and therefore eggs, milk, meat, liver are sources of the vitamin. Problems in metabolism of vitamin B12 lead to "persistent" lack of energy to perform every day tasks. The genes and pathways highlighted above describe several routes through which genes and metabolites involved in B12 metabolism are interconnected. Central B12 metabolism nodes include folate metabolism and the synthesis of the citric acid cycle intermediates and succinyl-CoA, cyanocobalamin into methylcobalamin conversion, tyrosine nitration and riboflavin pathways.
Authors
Martina Summer-Kutmon , Egon Willighagen , and Eric WeitzActivity
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Organisms
Bos taurusCommunities
Annotations
Pathway Ontology
cobalamin metabolic pathwayDisease Ontology
pernicious anemiaLabel | Type | Compact URI | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
PGE2 | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001220 | Prostaglandin E2 |
Thromboxane B2 | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0003252 | |
PGF2a | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001139 | Prostaglandin F2a |
8-Isoprostaglandin F2a | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0005083 | |
F2-Isoprostane | Metabolite | wikidata:Q33659470 | |
a-Tocopherol | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001893 | Vitamin E |
PGE1 | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001442 | Prostaglandin E1 |
Thromboxane A2 | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001452 | |
NADH | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001487 | Reduced nicotinamide adenine diphosphate |
NADP+ | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000217 | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Oxidized |
Cysteine | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000574 | |
H2O2 | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0003125 | Hydrogen peroxide |
5,10-Methylene-THF | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001533 | 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate |
Creatinine | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000562 | Creatine anhydrideA breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle |
5-methyl-THF | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001396 | 5-methyltetrahydrofolatePredominant food folate |
THF | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001846 | Tetrahydrofolic acid |
NADPH | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000221 | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Reduced |
NAD | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000902 | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
Homocysteine | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000742 | |
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001491 | Vitamin B6 |
Serine | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000187 | |
LDL | Metabolite | chebi:39026 | low-density lipoprotein |
VLDL-TAG | Metabolite | chebi:47776 | very-low-density lipoprotein-triglycerideTriglyceride transport |
HDL-C | Metabolite | chebi:47775 | high-density lipoprotein cholesterolCholesterol transport |
VLDL | Metabolite | chebi:39027 | very-low-density lipoprotein |
HDL | Metabolite | chebi:39025 | high-density lipoprotein |
LDL/APOB | Metabolite | chebi:39026 | low-density lipoproteinLDL particle contains 1 molecule of apo B |
VLDL/APOB | Metabolite | chebi:39027 | very-low-density lipoproteinThe VLDL is produced in the liver, contains one molecule of apoB100 |
oxLDL | Metabolite | chebi:60151 | oxidized low-density lipoprotein |
LDL-C | Metabolite | chebi:47774 | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
Cholesterol | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000067 | |
TAG | Metabolite | chebi:17855 | TriglycerideTriacylglycerol |
HDL/SAA | Metabolite | chebi:39025 | high-density lipoproteinSAA circulates in plasma as a constituent of high density lipoproteins (HDL). |
HDL/APOA1 | Metabolite | chebi:39025 | high-density lipoproteinApoA-I is present on the majority of HDL particles and constitutes aprox 70% of the apolipoprotein content of HDL particles |
Adenosylcobalamin | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0002086 | |
Methylcob(III)alamin | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0002274 | |
Vitamin B12/Cobalamin | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0002174 | |
Cob(II)alamin | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0006316 | oxidized cobalamin |
Cob(I)alamin | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0003429 | Reduced cobalamin |
FAD | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001248 | Flavin adenine dinucleotide |
8-OHdG | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0003333 | 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine |
Chlorine | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000492 | |
vitamin D | Metabolite | chebi:27300 | |
Cystathionine | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000099 | |
Zinc | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0015532 | |
NO | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0003378 | Nitric oxide |
NO3- | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0002878 | Nitrate |
NO2 | Metabolite | chebi:33101 | Nitrogen dioxide |
O3 | Metabolite | chebi:25812 | ozone |
HOCl | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001050 | Hypochlorite |
HNO2 | Metabolite | chebi:25567 | Nitrous acid |
N2O | Metabolite | chebi:17045 | Dinitrogen oxideNitrous oxide |
Riboflavin | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000244 | Also known as vitamin B2 |
Riboflavin | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000244 | |
O2 | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0002168 | Superoxide |
S-Adenosylhomocysteine | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000939 | |
Methionine | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000696 | |
S-Adenosylmethionine | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001185 | |
Succinyl-CoA | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001022 | |
Methylmalonic acid | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000202 | Methylmalonate |
Cbl/TC | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0002174 | Cobalamin Transcobalamin complex |
L-Methylmalonyl-CoA | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001269 | |
Cbl/IF | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0002174 | Cobalamin Intrinsic factor complex |
Cbl/HC | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0002174 | Cobalamin haptocorrin complex |
D-Methylmalonyl-CoA | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001269 | |
Cbl/TC | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0002174 | Cobalamin Transcobalamin complexHolotranscobalamin |
Nitrotyrosine | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0001904 | |
ONOO-ONOOH | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0002179 | Peroxynitrite |
Fructosamine | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0002030 | |
Glucose | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000122 | |
Ascorbic acid | Metabolite | chebi:29073 | Vitamin C |
CCL2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000037811 | Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1CCL2Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6347 |
NFKB2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000006017 | nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4791 |
GIF | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000012057 | gastric intrinsic factor (vitamin B synthesis)Also known as GIFHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:2694 |
TCN2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000002770 | transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemiaHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6948 |
RELA | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000013895 | nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3, p65Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5970 |
TCN1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000020580 | Haptocorrintranscobalamin I (vitamin B12 binding protein, R binder family)Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6947 |
LRP2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000004555 | Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4036 |
CUBN | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000005072 | cubilin (intrinsic factor-cobalamin receptor)Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:8029 |
NFKB1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000020270 | nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p50 subunitHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4790 |
MMAB | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000005178 | EC 2.5.1.17methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblB typeAlso known as ATRHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:326625 |
MAT1A | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000005963 | EC 2.5.1.6Methionine adenosyltransferaseHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4143 |
MTR | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000012251 | EC 2.1.1.135-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferaseAlso known as MSHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4548 |
MCEE | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000035247 | EC 5.1.99.1methylmalonyl CoA epimeraseHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:84693 |
MTRR | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000009401 | EC 1.16.1.85-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductaseHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4552 |
MUT | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000014272 | EC 5.4.99.2methylmalonyl Coenzyme A mutaseAlso known as MCMHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4594 |
SHMT2 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000031500 | EC 2.1.2.1Serine hydroxymethyltransferaseHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6472 |
CBS | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000000160 | EC 4.2.1.22cystathionine-beta-synthaseHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:875 |
MPO | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000011616 | EC 1.11.1.7MyeloperoxidaseHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4353 |
SERPINE1 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000014465 | Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5054 |
PLAT | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000001244 | EC 3.4.21.68plasminogen activator, tissueHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5327 |
PLG | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000001271 | EC 3.4.21.7PlasminogenHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5340 |
F2 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000007148 | EC 3.4.21.5coagulation factor II (thrombin)Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:2147 |
F7 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000007411 | EC 3.4.21.21coagulation factor VII (serum prothrombin conversion accelerator)Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:2155 |
SOD3 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000013980 | EC 1.15.1.1superoxide dismutase 3, extracellularHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6649 |
CTH | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000014791 | EC 4.4.1.1cystathionaseHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:1491 |
MTHFR | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000020698 | EC 1.5.1.205,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductaseHomozygous of (MTHFR) 677C-T variant may have enzyme activities up to 50% lower than those without the polymorphism increasing the risk of hyperhomocysteinemiaHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4524 |
SOD1 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000027412 | EC 1.15.1.1superoxide dismutase 1, solubleHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6647 |
SERPINA3-7 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000026917 | alpha-1-antichymotrypsinserpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 3Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:12 |
LDLR | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000012314 | low density lipoprotein receptorHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3949 |
APOB | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000008505 | apolipoprotein BHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:338 |
SCARB1 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000014269 | scavenger receptor class B, member 1Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:949 |
ABCA1 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000020661 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:19 |
SAA4 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000002963 | serum amyloid A4, constitutiveHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6291 |
APOA1 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000002258 | apolipoprotein A-IHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:335 |
APOE | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000010123 | apolipoprotein A-IHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:348 |
APOA1 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000002258 | Nitrotyrosinated apolipoprotein A-IHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:335 |
SOD2 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000006523 | EC 1.15.1.1superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrialHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6648 |
TNF | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000025471 | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:7124 |
IL1B | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000001321 | interleukin 1, betaHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3553 |
INSR | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000012687 | Insulin receptorHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3643 |
IL6 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000014921 | interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3569 |
IFNG | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000012529 | interferon, gammaHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3458 |
ALB | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000017121 | albuminHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:213 |
CCL5 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000007191 | CCL5chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6352 |
HBA | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000026418 | hemoglobin, alpha 1Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3039 |
ICAM1 | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000010303 | soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3383 |
HBG | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000037644 | hemoglobin, betaHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3043 |
CRP | Protein | ensembl:ENSBTAG00000013907 | C-reactive protein, pentraxin-relatedHomology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:1401 |
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