Vitamin B12 metabolism (WP3193)

Bos taurus

Vitamin B12 is a water soluble, organic compound and essential nutrient involved in the everyday functioning of the nervous system and the brain. Vitamin B12 is involved in the preservation and regeneration of the myelin shealth - the protective fatty layer that acts as an insulator in nerve axons. Animals store vitamin B12 in liver and muscle and therefore eggs, milk, meat, liver are sources of the vitamin. Problems in metabolism of vitamin B12 lead to "persistent" lack of energy to perform every day tasks. The genes and pathways highlighted above describe several routes through which genes and metabolites involved in B12 metabolism are interconnected. Central B12 metabolism nodes include folate metabolism and the synthesis of the citric acid cycle intermediates and succinyl-CoA, cyanocobalamin into methylcobalamin conversion, tyrosine nitration and riboflavin pathways.

Authors

Martina Summer-Kutmon , Egon Willighagen , and Eric Weitz

Activity

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Organisms

Bos taurus

Communities

Annotations

Pathway Ontology

cobalamin metabolic pathway

Disease Ontology

pernicious anemia

Participants

Label Type Compact URI Comment
PGE2 Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001220 Prostaglandin E2
Thromboxane B2 Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0003252
PGF2a Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001139 Prostaglandin F2a
8-Isoprostaglandin F2a Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0005083
F2-Isoprostane Metabolite wikidata:Q33659470
a-Tocopherol Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001893 Vitamin E
PGE1 Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001442 Prostaglandin E1
Thromboxane A2 Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001452
NADH Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001487 Reduced nicotinamide adenine diphosphate
NADP+ Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000217 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Oxidized
Cysteine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000574
H2O2 Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0003125 Hydrogen peroxide
5,10-Methylene-THF Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001533 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
Creatinine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000562 Creatine anhydride
A breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle
5-methyl-THF Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001396 5-methyltetrahydrofolate
Predominant food folate
THF Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001846 Tetrahydrofolic acid
NADPH Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000221 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Reduced
NAD Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000902 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Homocysteine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000742
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001491 Vitamin B6
Serine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000187
LDL Metabolite chebi:39026 low-density lipoprotein
VLDL-TAG Metabolite chebi:47776 very-low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride
Triglyceride transport
HDL-C Metabolite chebi:47775 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Cholesterol transport
VLDL Metabolite chebi:39027 very-low-density lipoprotein
HDL Metabolite chebi:39025 high-density lipoprotein
LDL/APOB Metabolite chebi:39026 low-density lipoprotein
LDL particle contains 1 molecule of apo B
VLDL/APOB Metabolite chebi:39027 very-low-density lipoprotein
The VLDL is produced in the liver, contains one molecule of apoB100
oxLDL Metabolite chebi:60151 oxidized low-density lipoprotein
LDL-C Metabolite chebi:47774 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Cholesterol Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000067
TAG Metabolite chebi:17855 Triglyceride
Triacylglycerol
HDL/SAA Metabolite chebi:39025 high-density lipoprotein
SAA circulates in plasma as a constituent of high density lipoproteins (HDL).
HDL/APOA1 Metabolite chebi:39025 high-density lipoprotein
ApoA-I is present on the majority of HDL particles and constitutes aprox 70% of the apolipoprotein content of HDL particles
Adenosylcobalamin Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002086
Methylcob(III)alamin Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002274
Vitamin B12/Cobalamin Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002174
Cob(II)alamin Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0006316 oxidized cobalamin
Cob(I)alamin Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0003429 Reduced cobalamin
FAD Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001248 Flavin adenine dinucleotide
8-OHdG Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0003333 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine
Chlorine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000492
vitamin D Metabolite chebi:27300
Cystathionine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000099
Zinc Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0015532
NO Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0003378 Nitric oxide
NO3- Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002878 Nitrate
NO2 Metabolite chebi:33101 Nitrogen dioxide
O3 Metabolite chebi:25812 ozone
HOCl Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001050 Hypochlorite
HNO2 Metabolite chebi:25567 Nitrous acid
N2O Metabolite chebi:17045 Dinitrogen oxide
Nitrous oxide
Riboflavin Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000244 Also known as vitamin B2
Riboflavin Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000244
O2 Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002168 Superoxide
S-Adenosylhomocysteine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000939
Methionine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000696
S-Adenosylmethionine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001185
Succinyl-CoA Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001022
Methylmalonic acid Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000202 Methylmalonate
Cbl/TC Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002174 Cobalamin Transcobalamin complex
L-Methylmalonyl-CoA Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001269
Cbl/IF Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002174 Cobalamin Intrinsic factor complex
Cbl/HC Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002174 Cobalamin haptocorrin complex
D-Methylmalonyl-CoA Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001269
Cbl/TC Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002174 Cobalamin Transcobalamin complex
Holotranscobalamin
Nitrotyrosine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001904
ONOO-ONOOH Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002179 Peroxynitrite
Fructosamine Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002030
Glucose Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0000122
Ascorbic acid Metabolite chebi:29073 Vitamin C
CCL2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSBTAG00000037811 Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1
CCL2
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6347
NFKB2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSBTAG00000006017 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4791
GIF GeneProduct ensembl:ENSBTAG00000012057 gastric intrinsic factor (vitamin B synthesis)
Also known as GIF
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:2694
TCN2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSBTAG00000002770 transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemia
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6948
RELA GeneProduct ensembl:ENSBTAG00000013895 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3, p65
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5970
TCN1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSBTAG00000020580 Haptocorrin
transcobalamin I (vitamin B12 binding protein, R binder family)
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6947
LRP2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSBTAG00000004555 Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4036
CUBN GeneProduct ensembl:ENSBTAG00000005072 cubilin (intrinsic factor-cobalamin receptor)
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:8029
NFKB1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSBTAG00000020270 nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p50 subunit
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4790
MMAB Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000005178 EC 2.5.1.17
methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblB type
Also known as ATR
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:326625
MAT1A Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000005963 EC 2.5.1.6
Methionine adenosyltransferase
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4143
MTR Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000012251 EC 2.1.1.13
5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase
Also known as MS
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4548
MCEE Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000035247 EC 5.1.99.1
methylmalonyl CoA epimerase
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:84693
MTRR Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000009401 EC 1.16.1.8
5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4552
MUT Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000014272 EC 5.4.99.2
methylmalonyl Coenzyme A mutase
Also known as MCM
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4594
SHMT2 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000031500 EC 2.1.2.1
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6472
CBS Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000000160 EC 4.2.1.22
cystathionine-beta-synthase
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:875
MPO Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000011616 EC 1.11.1.7
Myeloperoxidase
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4353
SERPINE1 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000014465 Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5054
PLAT Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000001244 EC 3.4.21.68
plasminogen activator, tissue
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5327
PLG Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000001271 EC 3.4.21.7
Plasminogen
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5340
F2 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000007148 EC 3.4.21.5
coagulation factor II (thrombin)
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:2147
F7 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000007411 EC 3.4.21.21
coagulation factor VII (serum prothrombin conversion accelerator)
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:2155
SOD3 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000013980 EC 1.15.1.1
superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6649
CTH Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000014791 EC 4.4.1.1
cystathionase
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:1491
MTHFR Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000020698 EC 1.5.1.20
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Homozygous of (MTHFR) 677C-T variant may have enzyme activities up to 50% lower than those without the polymorphism increasing the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4524
SOD1 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000027412 EC 1.15.1.1
superoxide dismutase 1, soluble
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6647
SERPINA3-7 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000026917 alpha-1-antichymotrypsin
serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 3
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:12
LDLR Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000012314 low density lipoprotein receptor
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3949
APOB Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000008505 apolipoprotein B
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:338
SCARB1 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000014269 scavenger receptor class B, member 1
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:949
ABCA1 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000020661 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:19
SAA4 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000002963 serum amyloid A4, constitutive
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6291
APOA1 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000002258 apolipoprotein A-I
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:335
APOE Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000010123 apolipoprotein A-I
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:348
APOA1 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000002258 Nitrotyrosinated apolipoprotein A-I
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:335
SOD2 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000006523 EC 1.15.1.1
superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6648
TNF Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000025471 tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:7124
IL1B Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000001321 interleukin 1, beta
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3553
INSR Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000012687 Insulin receptor
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3643
IL6 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000014921 interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3569
IFNG Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000012529 interferon, gamma
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3458
ALB Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000017121 albumin
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:213
CCL5 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000007191 CCL5
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6352
HBA Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000026418 hemoglobin, alpha 1
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3039
ICAM1 Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000010303 soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3383
HBG Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000037644 hemoglobin, beta
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3043
CRP Protein ensembl:ENSBTAG00000013907 C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related
Homology Mapping from Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:1401

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