Immune responses in the epidermis (WP2233)
Caenorhabditis elegans
"Regulation of immune responses in the epidermis by two largely parallel pathways. The p38 MAPK pathway (proteins in this pathway are in black letters) regulates the expression nlp-29, an AMP-encoding gene. A second AMP, encoded by cnc-2, is regulated by neuronally expressed dbl-1 that actives TGFb pathway (blue letters) in the epidermis. The identity of the neurones and whether G-protein signalling is required for neuronal secretion of DBL-1 is not known."
Authors
Karen Yook , Susan Coort , and Egon WillighagenActivity
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Cited In
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Organisms
Caenorhabditis elegansCommunities
Annotations
Pathway Ontology
signaling pathway in the innate immune response| Label | Type | Compact URI | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| PIP2 | Metabolite | chebi:18348 | |
| IP3 | Metabolite | chebi:16595 | |
| DAG | Metabolite | chebi:18035 | diacylglycerol |
| HPLA | Metabolite | hmdb:HMDB0000755 | Through targeted metabolomics analysis we identified the tyrosine derivative 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (HPLA) as an endogenous ligand. Our findings reveal DCAR-1 and its cognate ligand HPLA to be triggers of the epidermal innate immune response in C. elegans and highlight the ancient role of GPCRs in host defense. |
| DBL-1 | GeneProduct | wormbase:T25F10.2 | |
| NIPI-4 | GeneProduct | wormbase:F40A3.5 | NIPI-4 phenocopies STA-2 and SNF-12 |
| ELT-3 | GeneProduct | wormbase:K02B9.4 | |
| DCAR-1 | GeneProduct | wormbase:C06H5.7 | |
| SMA-3 | GeneProduct | wormbase:R13F6.9 | Neither SMA-2 nor SMA-4 are required in this DBL-1 triggered response |
| cnc-2 | GeneProduct | wormbase:R09B5.3 | |
| nlp-29 | GeneProduct | wormbase:B0213.4 | |
| PMK-1 | GeneProduct | wormbase:B0218.3 | |
| SEK-1 | GeneProduct | wormbase:R03G5.2 | |
| NSY-1 | GeneProduct | wormbase:F59A6.1 | |
| PKC-3 | GeneProduct | wormbase:F09E5.1 | |
| TIR-1B | GeneProduct | wormbase:F13B10.1 | |
| TPA-1(PKC delta) | GeneProduct | wormbase:B0545.1 | |
| PLC-3 | GeneProduct | wormbase:T01E8.3 | |
| GPA-12(Galpha) | GeneProduct | wormbase:F18G5.3 | |
| NIPI-3 | GeneProduct | wormbase:K09A9.1 | |
| RACK-1(Gbeta) | GeneProduct | wormbase:K04D7.1 | |
| EGL-8 (PLCbeta) | GeneProduct | wormbase:B0348.4 | |
| STA-2 | GeneProduct | wormbase:F58E6.1 |
References
- Signaling in the immune response. Ewbank JJ. WormBook. 2006 Jan 23;1–12. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Neuroimmune regulation of antimicrobial peptide expression by a noncanonical TGF-beta signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans epidermis. Zugasti O, Ewbank JJ. Nat Immunol. 2009 Mar;10(3):249–56. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Unusual regulation of a STAT protein by an SLC6 family transporter in C. elegans epidermal innate immunity. Dierking K, Polanowska J, Omi S, Engelmann I, Gut M, Lembo F, et al. Cell Host Microbe. 2011 May 19;9(5):425–35. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Activation of a G protein-coupled receptor by its endogenous ligand triggers the innate immune response of Caenorhabditis elegans. Zugasti O, Bose N, Squiban B, Belougne J, Kurz CL, Schroeder FC, et al. Nat Immunol. 2014 Sep;15(9):833–8. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia